English Study Guide — José Angel

Simple Present

Rutinas, hechos y verdades generales

Estructura

Positivo

Negativo

Preguntas

WH Questions

Errores comunes

I / You / We / They → verbo base
He / She / It → verbo + S

Excepciones: study → studies · do → does · go → goes · have → has

Pronunciación auxiliares: do = du · don't = dont · does = das · doesn't = DA-sent

Pronombres y auxiliares

Pronombre	Español	Auxiliar	Ejemplo
I	Yo	do	I eat breakfast.
You	Tú	do	You walk every day.
He	Él	does	He eats breakfast. ✱
She	Ella	does	She sings at concerts. ✱
It	Ello	does	It runs fast. ✱
We	Nosotros	do	We study English.
They	Ellos	do	They play Xbox.

Palabras clave

Inglés	Español
every day	todos los días
always	siempre
usually	usualmente
often	seguido / frecuentemente
sometimes	a veces
regularly	regularmente
never	nunca
on weekends	los fines de semana

Los adverbios de frecuencia (always, usually, often, sometimes, regularly, never) van después del sujeto y antes del verbo — el sujeto siempre va primero.
I always get dressed for work. ✅ · Always I get dressed for work. ❌

Sujeto + verbo (+S con he/she/it)

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I eat breakfast at 10 AM.	Desayuno a las 10
You	You walk every day.	Caminas todos los días
He	He works on the ranch.	Él trabaja en el rancho
She	She sings at the concert.	Ella canta en el concierto
We	We study English.	Estudiamos inglés
They	They play Xbox at night.	Juegan Xbox de noche

Texto: rutina diaria (tercera persona)

Every day, she wakes up at 6 AM. Also, she has breakfast with her family. Then she goes to work by bus. In addition, she works on her computer for 3 hours. After that, she has lunch with her coworkers. Later, she walks in the park for 30 minutes. Finally, she reads a book and goes to sleep late at night.

Conectores de secuencia

first · then · after that · and · finally — sirven para ordenar una rutina paso a paso.

Texto: rutina con adverbios de frecuencia

Every day I wake up at 6 AM. Also, I usually take a shower in the morning. I always get dressed for work. I never have pork for breakfast. I regularly send emails at work. I sometimes sleep in the afternoon.

I/You/We/They + don't + verbo
He/She/It + doesn't + verbo base

⚠️ Con doesn't el verbo NO lleva S: She doesn't eat ✅ / She doesn't eats ❌

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I don't eat vegetables.	No como verduras
You	You don't work on weekends.	No trabajas los fines de semana
He	He doesn't drink coffee.	Él no toma café
She	She doesn't eat at home.	Ella no come en casa
They	They don't wake up early.	No se despiertan temprano

Do + I/you/we/they + verbo?
Does + he/she/it + verbo?

Pregunta	Positiva	Negativa
Do you eat breakfast?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Do they work on weekends?	Yes, they do.	No, they don't.
Does she go to the gym?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does he drink water?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn't.
Does she go to work by bus?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does she have lunch with her coworkers?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.

WH + do/does + sujeto + verbo?

WH	Con DO	Con DOES
What	What do you eat?	What does she eat?
Where	Where do you live?	Where does he work?
When	When do you wake up?	When does she exercise?
Who	Who do you eat with?	Who does he walk with?
Why	Why do you study?	Why does she sing?
How	How do you go to work?	How does she go to the gym?

Ejemplos con respuestas

What do you eat for breakfast?

✅ I eat breaded chicken breast. / ❌ I don't eat breakfast.

Where does she work?

✅ She works as an electronics engineer. / ❌ She doesn't work in an office.

Why do they sleep late?

✅ Because they play Xbox all night. / ❌ They don't sleep late.

What time does she wake up?

✅ She wakes up at 6 AM.

How does she go to work?

✅ She goes to work by bus.

Where does she have lunch?

✅ She has lunch with her coworkers.

✗ She doesn't eats.

✓ She doesn't eat.

Con doesn't el verbo no lleva S

✗ Does he has a car?

✓ Does he have a car?

Con does el verbo regresa a su forma base

✗ Is she is your sister?

✓ Is she your sister?

No se repite el verbo to be

✗ I breakfast at 6 AM.

✓ I have breakfast at 6 AM.

Breakfast no es verbo, siempre va con "have"

✗ She go to the gym.

✓ She goes to the gym.

Con she siempre se agrega S al verbo

✗ He don't eat vegetables.

✓ He doesn't eat vegetables.

Con he/she siempre se usa doesn't

✗ Does she drink coffee? Yes, he does.

✓ Does she drink coffee? Yes, she does.

El pronombre de la respuesta debe coincidir con el de la pregunta

✗ I never to the gym.

✓ I never go to the gym.

Con always/never/sometimes no se puede omitir el verbo principal

✗ What are you challenges this week?

✓ What are your challenges this week?

"your" (tu/tus), no "you" — falta el posesivo

Present Continuous

Lo que está pasando ahora mismo (-ando / -endo)

Estructura

Positivo

Negativo

Preguntas

WH Questions

Reglas de respuesta

Reglas -ING

VS Simple Present

Errores comunes

AM / IS / ARE + verbo-ING

I → am · He/She/It → is · You/We/They → are

Pronombre	Auxiliar	Ejemplo	Español
I	am	I am eating.	Estoy comiendo
You	are	You are walking.	Estás caminando
He	is	He is working.	Él está trabajando
She	is	She is singing.	Ella está cantando
We	are	We are studying.	Estamos estudiando
They	are	They are playing.	Están jugando

Palabras clave

Inglés	Español
right now	ahora mismo
at the moment	en este momento
currently	actualmente
today	hoy

Sujeto + am/is/are + verbo-ING

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I am sitting in front of my computer.	Estoy sentado frente a mi computadora
You	You are studying English right now.	Estás estudiando inglés ahora
He	He is riding his bike.	Él está montando su bicicleta
She	She is singing at the concert.	Ella está cantando en el concierto
We	We are watching anime.	Estamos viendo anime
They	They are playing Xbox right now.	Están jugando Xbox ahora mismo

Texto: aliens en una misión

There is a spaceship flying near the Earth. There, Zog is riding his red bike. Blip is taking a short nap in the ship. Also, Mikey is listening to rock music. And Trek is meeting an astronaut.

Texto: lo que estoy haciendo ahora

Right now, I am having English class. For sure, I am paying attention to the coach. Also, I am learning new words. So, I am taking notes on my computer.

Sujeto + am/is/are + NOT + verbo-ING

is not → isn't · are not → aren't · am not → I'm not

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I am not watching TV.	No estoy viendo televisión
You	You aren't eating right now.	No estás comiendo ahora
He	He isn't working today.	Él no está trabajando hoy
She	She isn't taking a nap.	Ella no está tomando una siesta
They	They aren't sleeping.	No están durmiendo

Am/Is/Are + sujeto + verbo-ING?

Are you...? → Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Is he/she...? → Yes, he/she is. / No, he/she isn't.
Are they...? → Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Are you studying English right now?

✅ Yes, I am. / ❌ No, I'm not.

Is she singing at the concert?

✅ Yes, she is. / ❌ No, she isn't.

Are they playing Xbox right now?

✅ Yes, they are. / ❌ No, they aren't.

Is Blip taking a nap right now?

✅ Yes, he is. / ❌ No, he isn't.

Is Zog riding his bike?

✅ Yes, he is. / ❌ No, he isn't.

Are you paying attention to the coach?

✅ Yes, I am. / ❌ No, I'm not.

WH + am/is/are + sujeto + verbo-ING?

WH	Ejemplo	Español
What	What are you doing right now?	¿Qué estás haciendo?
What	What is she eating?	¿Qué está comiendo?
Where	Where are they playing?	¿Dónde están jugando?
Who	Who is she talking to?	¿Con quién está hablando?
Why	Why are you studying?	¿Por qué estás estudiando?
How	How are you feeling?	¿Cómo te estás sintiendo?

What is Mikey listening to?

✅ He is listening to rock music.

What are you doing right now?

✅ I am sitting in front of my computer learning English.

Who is Trek meeting?

✅ He is meeting an astronaut.

What are you learning right now?

✅ I am learning new words.

Where are you taking notes?

✅ I am taking notes on my computer.

Regla del DOING — no repitas "doing" en la respuesta

Cuando te preguntan What are you doing?, en la respuesta NO usás "doing".
Respondés con el verbo real de la acción (having, taking, learning...).

What are you doing right now?

✓ Right now, I am having English class. / ✗ I am doing English class.

What are you doing right now?

✓ I am taking notes because I want to remember the class.

Regla del RIGHT NOW — si la pregunta lo trae, la respuesta también

Si la pregunta incluye right now, la respuesta lo lleva preferentemente al inicio.

Why are you taking notes right now?

✓ Right now, I am taking notes because I want to remember the English class.

Who are you speaking with right now?

✓ Right now, I am speaking with my classmate.

Who are you practicing English with right now?

✓ Right now, I am practicing English with my coach.

Respuesta encadenada con conectores

Conectores para encadenar acciones: Right now · For sure · Also · So · Finally · And

What are you doing right now?

✓ Right now, I am having English class. For sure, I am paying attention. Also, I am learning new words. So, I am taking notes. And I am participating in class. Finally, I am speaking English.

Regla del WANT TO — siempre separar el verbo

Después de I want to siempre va un verbo, y va separado: want to + verbo.

I want to remember the English class.

✓ I want to remember... / ✗ I want remember...

Reglas para agregar -ING

Regla	Verbo	Con ING
Normal → + ING	eat · walk · sing	eating · walking · singing
Termina en E → quita E + ING	ride · make · take	riding · making · taking
CVC → dobla última + ING	run · sit · swim	running · sitting · swimming
Termina en IE → Y + ING	lie · die	lying · dying

Pronunciación verbos -ING

Verbo	Significado
eating/ I-ting /	comiendo
walking/ WO-king /	caminando
studying/ STA-di-ing /	estudiando
riding/ RAI-ding /	montando
reading/ RI-ding /	leyendo
watching/ WO-ching /	viendo
sitting/ SI-ting /	sentado
paying/ PEI-ing /	pagando
flying/ FLAI-ing /	volando
listening/ LIS-en-ing /	escuchando
running/ RAN-ing /	corriendo
making/ MEI-king /	haciendo
singing/ SING-ing /	cantando
dancing/ DANS-ing /	bailando

Simple Present → rutinas, siempre, todos los días
Present Continuous → ahora mismo, en este momento

Simple Present	Present Continuous
She walks every day.	She is walking right now.
He eats breakfast at 7 AM.	He is eating breakfast now.
They play Xbox at night.	They are playing Xbox right now.
I study English.	I am studying English at the moment.

✗ Is Zog ring his bike?

✓ Is Zog riding his bike?

El gerundio de "ride" (montar) es "riding". "Ring" es otro verbo (sonar/tocar el timbre)

✗ Blip is taking a nap?

✓ Blip is taking a nap.

Es una afirmación, no una pregunta — no lleva signo de interrogación

✗ What is Mikey taking? He is listening to rock music.

✓ What is Mikey listening to? He is listening to rock music.

La pregunta debe usar el mismo verbo que la respuesta

✗ reading y riding suenan igual

✓ reading = RI-ding (leyendo) ≠ riding = RAI-ding (montando)

Cuidado con la vocal: la "ea" de reading suena "i", la "i" de riding suena "ai"

Simple Future

Dos formas: WILL (espontáneo/promesa) y GOING TO (plan ya decidido)

Estructura

Positivo

Negativo

Preguntas

WH Questions

WILL vs GOING TO

Errores

WILL
Sujeto + will + verbo

I will study.
She will sing.

will = uil · won't = uont

GOING TO
Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + verbo

I am going to study.
She is going to sing.

Palabras clave

Inglés	Español
tomorrow	mañana
tonight	esta noche
next week	la próxima semana
next weekend	el próximo fin de semana
this Friday	este viernes
soon	pronto
later	más tarde

Positivo con WILL

Sujeto + will + verbo · Corto: I'll / She'll / They'll

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I will study English tonight.	Estudiaré inglés esta noche
He	He will work on the ranch.	Él trabajará en el rancho
She	She will sing at the concert.	Ella cantará en el concierto
They	They will play Xbox tonight.	Ellos jugarán Xbox esta noche

Positivo con GOING TO

Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + verbo

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I am going to write code tomorrow.	Voy a escribir código mañana
He	He is going to work next weekend.	Él va a trabajar el próximo fin de semana
She	She is going to go to the gym.	Ella va a ir al gimnasio
They	They are going to play soccer.	Ellos van a jugar fútbol

Texto: planes para mañana

Tomorrow, I am going to work at 8 AM. Also, I am going to answer emails in my office. And I am going to make beans for lunch. In addition, I am going to spend time with my family. After that, I am going to use my phone. Finally, I am going to go to bed at 10 PM.

Negativo con WILL

will not → won't

Oración	Español
I won't fly to Cancún on Friday.	No volaré a Cancún el viernes
She won't eat vegetables tonight.	Ella no comerá verduras esta noche
They won't wake up early tomorrow.	No se despertarán temprano mañana

Negativo con GOING TO

Sujeto + am/is/are + NOT + going to + verbo

Oración	Español
I am not going to work this weekend.	No voy a trabajar este fin de semana
She isn't going to go to the gym.	Ella no va a ir al gimnasio
They aren't going to play Xbox.	Ellos no van a jugar Xbox

Preguntas con WILL

Will + sujeto + verbo? → Yes, I will. / No, I won't.

Will you study English tonight?

✅ Yes, I will. / ❌ No, I won't.

Will she sing at the concert?

✅ Yes, she will. / ❌ No, she won't.

Will you wash the dishes from breakfast tomorrow?

✅ Yes, tomorrow I will wash the dishes from breakfast.

WH preguntas con WILL y sus respuestas

Cuando la pregunta ya trae un tiempo (tomorrow, next weekend, next Saturday), agregalo en la respuesta.
Con when, el "when" se omite en la respuesta porque el tiempo mismo ya es la respuesta.

What will you do next weekend?

✅ Next weekend, I will do the laundry and clean the house.

Where will you relax next Saturday?

✅ Next Saturday, I will relax on my bed.

When will you do the laundry?

✅ I will do the laundry in the morning. / I will do the laundry on Saturday.

What will you do tomorrow in the morning?

✅ In the morning, I will go to the gym.

What will you make for lunch tomorrow?

✅ Tomorrow, I will make a sandwich.

Where will you go tomorrow?

✅ Tomorrow, I will go to the park.

Texto: planes con conectores (WILL)

What will you do next weekend? First, I will clean the house. Also, I will do the laundry. After that, I will visit my family. Later, I will watch a movie in my living room and relax on my sofa. Finally, I will make a sandwich.

Preguntas con GOING TO

Am/Is/Are + sujeto + going to + verbo? → Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.

Are you going to work next weekend?

✅ Yes, I am. / ❌ No, I'm not.

Is she going to go to the gym tomorrow?

✅ Yes, she is. / ❌ No, she isn't.

Are they going to make lunch tomorrow?

✅ Yes, they are. / ❌ No, they aren't.

Are you going to answer emails tomorrow?

✅ Yes, I am. / ❌ No, I'm not.

Are you going to use your phone tomorrow?

✅ Yes, I am. / ❌ No, I'm not.

WH + WILL

WH	Ejemplo	Español
What	What will you eat tomorrow?	¿Qué comerás mañana?
Where	Where will she work next week?	¿Dónde trabajará ella?
When	When will they arrive?	¿Cuándo llegarán?
Why	Why will he study English?	¿Por qué estudiará inglés?

WH + GOING TO

WH	Ejemplo	Español
What	What are you going to eat tomorrow?	¿Qué vas a comer mañana?
Where	Where are they going to work?	¿Dónde van a trabajar?
When	When is she going to sing?	¿Cuándo va a cantar ella?
Why	Why are you going to study English?	¿Por qué vas a estudiar inglés?
How	How is he going to go to work?	¿Cómo va a ir al trabajo?

What time are you going to go to bed tomorrow?

✅ I am going to go to bed at 10 PM.

Who are you going to spend time with?

✅ I am going to spend time with my family.

WILL → decisión espontánea, promesa, predicción
GOING TO → plan ya decidido, intención

WILL	GOING TO
I will help you! (decisión ahora)	I am going to study tonight. (plan ya hecho)
It will rain tomorrow. (predicción)	She is going to go to the gym. (intención)
I won't tell anyone. (promesa)	They are going to work next weekend.

Los 4 tiempos juntos

Pasado

She walked

Presente

She walks

Ahora mismo

She is walking

Futuro

She will walk

✗ I will to study tonight.

✓ I will study tonight.

Después de WILL no se usa "to"

✗ She will sings tomorrow.

✓ She will sing tomorrow.

Con WILL el verbo no lleva S

✗ Will you going to work?

✓ Are you going to work?

No se mezcla WILL con GOING TO

✗ She won't to eat.

✓ She won't eat.

Después de WON'T no se usa "to"

✗ I am not going to trip to Cancún.

✓ I am not going to travel to Cancún.

"Trip" es un sustantivo (viaje), no un verbo — el verbo correcto es "travel" o "take a trip"

Simple Past

Acciones que ya terminaron en el pasado

Estructura

Positivo

Negativo

Preguntas

WH Questions

Verbos irregulares

Respuestas largas

Past Continuous

Errores

Verbos regulares → verbo + ED
walk → walked · study → studied · play → played

Verbos irregulares → forma especial
eat → ate · go → went · sing → sang

⚠️ El verbo es igual para TODOS los pronombres:
I walked · She walked · They walked ✅

Pronunciación: did = did · didn't = DI-dent

Palabras clave del pasado

Inglés	Español
yesterday	ayer
last night	anoche
last week	la semana pasada
last weekend	el fin de semana pasado
last year	el año pasado
ago	hace (2 days ago = hace 2 días)
this morning	esta mañana

Pronunciación de -ED en verbos regulares

/t/ → después de sonido sordo: p, k, f, s, sh, ch, x
/d/ → después de sonido sonoro: vocales, b, g, l, m, n, v, z, r
/ɪd/ → cuando el verbo termina en sonido T o D (agrega una sílaba extra)

Sonido	Verbo	Pasado	Pronunciación
/t/	watch	watched	WOCH-t
/t/	look	looked	LUK-t
/t/	work	worked	WERK-t
/t/	laugh	laughed	LAF-t
/t/	cook	cooked	KUK-t
/t/	brush	brushed	BRUSH-t
/t/	relax	relaxed	ri-LAKS-t
/d/	play	played	PLEI-d
/d/	listen	listened	LIS-end
/d/	scream	screamed	SKRIM-d
/d/	name	named	NEIM-d
/d/	study	studied	STA-di-d
/d/	cry	cried	KRAI-d
/ɪd/	visit	visited	VI-si-tid
/ɪd/	paint	painted	PEIN-tid
/ɪd/	start	started	STAR-tid
/ɪd/	decide	decided	di-SAI-did
/ɪd/	want	wanted	WON-tid
/ɪd/	need	needed	NI-did

Sujeto + verbo en pasado

Pronombre	Regular	Irregular
I	I walked in the park yesterday.	I ate breaded chicken last night.
He	He worked on the ranch last weekend.	He went to the gym this morning.
She	She danced at the concert.	She sang at the concert yesterday.
They	They played Xbox yesterday.	They rode their bikes last weekend.

Texto: la historia de Lucy y Coco

Last Sunday, Lucy visited her grandma. There, she watched TV in the living room. Coco painted her face. Lucy looked at Coco. Coco screamed, "Selfie time!" Finally, Lucy and Grandma laughed.

Sujeto + didn't + verbo base
⚠️ Con didn't el verbo regresa a su forma base:
She didn't eat ✅ / She didn't ate ❌

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I didn't eat breakfast yesterday.	No desayuné ayer
He	He didn't work last weekend.	Él no trabajó el fin de semana
She	She didn't go to the gym today.	Ella no fue al gimnasio hoy
They	They didn't play Xbox yesterday.	No jugaron Xbox ayer

Did + sujeto + verbo base?
Respuestas: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

Did you eat breakfast yesterday?

✅ Yes, I did. / ❌ No, I didn't.

Did she go to the gym this morning?

✅ Yes, she did. / ❌ No, she didn't.

Did they play Xbox last night?

✅ Yes, they did. / ❌ No, they didn't.

Did he work on the ranch last weekend?

✅ Yes, he did. / ❌ No, he didn't.

Did Lucy visit her grandma?

✅ Yes, she did. / ❌ No, she didn't.

Did Coco paint her face?

✅ Yes, she did. / ❌ No, she didn't.

WH + did + sujeto + verbo base?

WH	Ejemplo	Español
What	What did you eat yesterday?	¿Qué comiste ayer?
Where	Where did she go last night?	¿A dónde fue ella anoche?
When	When did they play Xbox?	¿Cuándo jugaron Xbox?
Who	Who did you eat with yesterday?	¿Con quién comiste ayer?
Why	Why did he go to the ranch?	¿Por qué fue él al rancho?
How	How did she go to the gym?	¿Cómo fue ella al gimnasio?

What did you eat yesterday?

✅ I ate breaded chicken breast. / ❌ I didn't eat anything.

Why did they sleep late last night?

✅ Because they played Xbox all night. / ❌ They didn't sleep late.

Who did Lucy visit?

✅ She visited her grandma.

What did Coco do last Sunday?

✅ She painted her face and screamed "Selfie time!"

Verbos irregulares más importantes

Infinitivo	Pasado	Español
be/ BI /	was / were/ UAS / GUER /	ser / estar
eat/ IT /	ate/ EIT /	comer
go/ GOU /	went/ UENT /	ir
sing/ SING /	sang/ SANG /	cantar
drink/ DRINK /	drank/ DRANK /	beber
ride/ RAID /	rode/ ROUD /	montar
run/ RON /	ran/ RAN /	correr
have/ JAV /	had/ JAD /	tener / haber
take/ TEIK /	took/ TUK /	tomar
make/ MEIK /	made/ MEID /	hacer
wake up/ UEIK AP /	woke up/ UOUK AP /	despertarse
sleep/ SLIP /	slept/ SLEPT /	dormir
write/ RAIT /	wrote/ ROUT /	escribir
speak/ SPIK /	spoke/ SPOUK /	hablar
sit/ SIT /	sat/ SAT /	sentarse
pay/ PEI /	paid/ PEID /	pagar
fly/ FLAI /	flew/ FLU /	volar
buy/ BAI /	bought/ BOT /	comprar
swim/ SUIM /	swam/ SUAM /	nadar
read/ RID /	read/ RED /	leer (misma escritura)

WAS vs WERE

Pronombre	Forma	Ejemplo
I / He / She / It	was	I was nervous. / She was tired.
You / We / They	were	They were at the ranch.

Patrón WELL para respuestas largas en Simple Past

Para contar algo con más detalle (por ejemplo "What did you do yesterday?"), se puede seguir este orden:
Where and When → dónde y cuándo pasó
Events → qué pasó (los eventos)
Love it / Like it → tu opinión (feelings)
Lesson → qué aprendiste

What did you do yesterday?

Yesterday, I went to the park because there was a concert, and I liked it. I learned that I like street music.

Preguntas para armar la respuesta

What action is this? · What is the past form of...? · Did you...? · What did you...? · Where did you...? · What time did you...?

Past Continuous (Past Progressive)

Describe una acción que empezó y terminó en el pasado, en progreso en un momento específico.

I / He / She / It + was (not) + verbo-ING
You / We / They + were (not) + verbo-ING

was = uos · wasn't = UO-sent · were = uer · weren't = UER-ent

Pronombre	Positivo	Negativo
I	I was driving to work.	I wasn't driving to work.
She	Carmen was jogging at 6 AM.	Carmen wasn't jogging at 5 AM.
He	He was writing an email.	He wasn't writing an email.
They	Max and Daniela were drinking water.	They weren't drinking water.

Preguntas

Was/Were + sujeto + verbo-ING? → Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. / Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.

Were you driving to work last night?

✅ Yes, I was. / ❌ No, I wasn't.

Was Carmen jogging at 6 AM?

✅ Yes, she was. / ❌ No, she wasn't.

Was Abi having a picnic at the park?

✅ Yes, she was. / ❌ No, she wasn't.

WH Questions

WH	Ejemplo	Español
What	What were you doing before class?	¿Qué estabas haciendo antes de clase?
Where	Where were you stretching at 6 AM?	¿Dónde estabas estirándote?
Who	Who were you watching movies with?	¿Con quién veías películas?
Why	Why were you making coffee at 7 AM?	¿Por qué estabas haciendo café?
What time	What time were you sleeping last night?	¿A qué hora dormías anoche?

What were you doing before class?

✅ Before class, I was driving to school. At 10 AM I was writing my to-do list. At 7 PM I was making a cup of coffee. I was doing laundry at home.

Why were you making coffee yesterday at 7 AM?

✅ I was making coffee yesterday at 7 AM because I was sleepy.

Vocabulario de acciones

Español	Inglés	-ING
Trotar	jog	jogging
Pasear al perro	walk the dog	walking the dog
Meditar	meditate	meditating
Hacer un picnic	have a picnic	having a picnic
Estirarse	stretch	stretching
Ayudar	help	helping

⚠️ El past continuous describe acciones simultáneas, no una secuencia. Por eso no se usan conectores de secuencia como later, after that, then dentro de la misma escena — esos conectores son para Simple Past.

✗ She didn't ate breakfast.

✓ She didn't eat breakfast.

Con didn't el verbo regresa a su forma base

✗ Did she went to the gym?

✓ Did she go to the gym?

Con did el verbo es su forma base, no pasado

✗ He goed to the mall yesterday.

✓ He went to the mall yesterday.

Go es irregular → went

✗ They was at the ranch.

✓ They were at the ranch.

They siempre usa were, no was

✗ Did you studied English?

✓ Did you study English?

Con did el verbo es su forma base

Present Perfect

Experiencias de vida: algo que ya pasó, sin decir exactamente cuándo

Estructura

Positivo

Negativo

Preguntas

WH Questions

Errores comunes

Sujeto + have/has + past participle + complemento
I / You / We / They → have · He / She / It → has

Se usa para hablar de experiencias de vida (alguna vez / nunca has hecho algo), sin dar una fecha exacta. Si agregás el detalle específico (cuándo, dónde, con quién), ese detalle va en simple past.

Pronunciación auxiliares: have = jav · has = jaz · haven't = JA-vent · hasn't = JA-zent

Pronombres y auxiliares

Pronombre	Español	Auxiliar	Ejemplo
I	Yo	have	I have traveled by plane.
You	Tú	have	You have visited Madrid.
He	Él	has	He has met a celebrity. ✱
She	Ella	has	She has traveled to Paris. ✱
It	Ello	has	It has rained a lot. ✱
We	Nosotros	have	We have learned English.
They	Ellos	have	They have won a contest.

Palabras clave

Inglés	Español
already	ya (en oraciones positivas)
yet	todavía / aún (en negativas y preguntas)
ever	alguna vez
never	nunca
since	desde
for	durante / por (un período)

Conectores para encadenar una respuesta: also · so · then · but · yet · already

Present Perfect + detalle en Simple Past

El present perfect anuncia el hecho general; el simple past agrega el detalle específico (cuándo, dónde, cuántas veces).

I have visited Madrid three times. I visited it for the first time in 2010.

He visitado Madrid tres veces. La visité por primera vez en 2010.

2010 se puede decir de dos formas: TUEN-ti TEN (twenty ten) o tu TAO-zend TEN (two thousand ten)

Verbos comunes (infinitivo · simple past · past participle)

Español	Infinitivo	Simple Past	Past Participle
Ganar (un concurso/medalla)	win/ UIN /	won/ UON /	won/ UON /
Viajar (en avión)	travel/ TRAV-el /	traveled/ TRAV-eld /	traveled/ TRAV-eld /
Probar (comida poco habitual)	try/ TRAI /	tried/ TRAID /	tried/ TRAID /
Conocer (a un famoso)	meet/ MIT /	met/ MET /	met/ MET /
Construir	build/ BILD /	built/ BILT /	built/ BILT /
Jugar	play/ PLEI /	played/ PLEID /	played/ PLEID /
Perder	lose/ LUS /	lost/ LOST /	lost/ LOST /
Aprender	learn/ LERN /	learned/ LERND /	learned/ LERND /
Visitar	visit/ VI-sit /	visited/ VI-si-tid /	visited/ VI-si-tid /
Ver	see/ SI /	saw/ SO /	seen/ SIN /
Comer	eat/ IT /	ate/ EIT /	eaten/ I-ten /
Tomar (fotos)	take/ TEIK /	took/ TUK /	taken/ TEI-ken /
Comprar	buy/ BAI /	bought/ BOT /	bought/ BOT /
Ir	go/ GOU /	went/ UENT /	gone/ GON /
Nadar	swim/ SUIM /	swam/ SUAM /	swum/ SUOM /
Empezar	start/ START /	started/ STAR-tid /	started/ STAR-tid /
Practicar	practice/ PRAK-tis /	practiced/ PRAK-tist /	practiced/ PRAK-tist /

unusual (poco habitual / inusual) se pronuncia a-NI-shu-al

Sujeto + have/has + past participle (+ already)

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I have already traveled by plane.	Ya he viajado en avión
You	You have visited Madrid three times.	Has visitado Madrid tres veces
He	He has met a celebrity.	Él ha conocido a un famoso
She	She has traveled to Paris this year.	Ella ha viajado a París este año
We	We have learned English recently.	Hemos aprendido inglés recientemente
They	They have won a contest.	Ellos han ganado un concurso

Texto: vacaciones

I have visited three countries this year. I have seen beautiful places, eaten new food, and taken a lot of pictures.

He visitado tres países este año. He visto lugares hermosos, comido comida nueva y tomado muchas fotos.

Sujeto + haven't/hasn't + past participle (+ yet)
haven't = have not (I/you/we/they) · hasn't = has not (he/she/it)

Pronombre	Oración	Español
I	I haven't traveled by train yet.	Aún no he viajado en tren
She	She hasn't met a celebrity.	Ella no ha conocido a un famoso
We	We haven't visited Madrid this year yet, but we visited it last year.	Aún no hemos visitado Madrid este año, pero lo visitamos el año pasado
I	I haven't seen the Northern Lights, but I saw a rainbow last month.	No he visto la aurora boreal, pero vi un arcoíris el mes pasado

Have/Has + sujeto + past participle?
Yes, I/you/we/they have. / No, I/you/we/they haven't.
Yes, he/she/it has. / No, he/she/it hasn't.

Have you ever traveled by plane?

✅ Yes, I have. / ❌ No, I haven't.

Has she ever met a celebrity?

✅ Yes, she has. / ❌ No, she hasn't.

Have you ever visited Madrid?

✅ Yes, I have. I have visited Madrid three times.

Have you ever built something with wood?

✅ Yes, I have. I built a small table with wood last year. It was difficult, but I felt very proud when I finished it. / ❌ No, I haven't. I have never built anything with wood, but I would like to try.

Have you ever fallen off your chair because you laughed too much?

✅ Yes, I have. I fell off my chair once when a coworker told a very funny joke during lunch.

WH + have/has + sujeto + past participle?

WH	Con HAVE	Con HAS
What	What have you learned recently?	What has she tried?
Where	Where have you traveled this year?	Where has he traveled?
Why	Why have you started a new business?	Why has she arrived late?
Who	Who have you met?	Who has he met?

What new language have you learned recently?

✅ I have learned English recently.

Where have you traveled this year?

✅ I have traveled to Paris this year.

Why have you started a new business?

✅ I have started a new business because I want extra income.

Where have you traveled by plane?

✅ I have traveled to Tulum by plane.

El patrón WELL — para enriquecer respuestas a "Have you ever...?"

What → qué pasó / cuál fue la experiencia
Explain → detalles: qué hiciste, dónde, con quién (normalmente en simple past)
Loved → tu opinión, qué te gustó (podés agregar "however" con algo que no te gustó)
Learned → qué aprendiste de la experiencia

Have you ever traveled to another country or city?

Yes, I have.
W: I traveled to Buenos Aires last year.
E: I visited the Obelisk and ate traditional food.
L: I loved the city because it was beautiful and exciting.
L: I learned that Buenos Aires has a rich culture.

Have you ever traveled to another country or city? (con "however")

Yes, I have.
W: I traveled to Buenos Aires last year.
E: I visited the Obelisk and ate traditional food.
L: I loved the city because it was beautiful and exciting. However, I was disappointed with one of the dishes because it had the same name as a dish from my country, but it tasted different from what I expected.
L: I learned that food can be different across cultures, even when it has the same name.

Have you ever seen a famous monument?

Yes, I have.
W: I saw the Obelisk when I traveled to Buenos Aires last year.
E: I took pictures and walked around the area.
L: I loved seeing it because it was more impressive than I expected.
L: I learned that it is one of the most important landmarks in Buenos Aires.

Have you ever won a contest or medal?

Yes, I have.
W: I won a programming contest in college.
E: I built a small web application with my team in 48 hours.
L: I loved the experience because I learned to work well under pressure.
L: I learned that teamwork matters more than individual skill.

Have you ever tried an unusual food?

Yes, I have.
W: I tried cuy, a traditional dish, when I visited Peru.
E: I ordered it at a local restaurant with potatoes.
L: I loved trying it because it was a completely new experience for me. However, the taste surprised me at first.
L: I learned that trying new food is a great way to know a culture.

✗ Have you see the new Spiderman movie?

✓ Have you seen the new Spider-Man movie?

Con have/has siempre se usa el past participle, no el verbo base

✗ I have build a house.

✓ I have built a house.

"Built" es el past participle de "build", no "build"

✗ I have visited Madrid last Monday.

✓ I visited Madrid last Monday.

El present perfect no lleva marcadores de tiempo específico (last Monday, in 2020...); para eso se usa simple past

✗ I was visited Madrid in 2010.

✓ I visited Madrid in 2010.

"Was" no se usa con verbos de acción en pasado simple, solo con "to be" o en pasado continuo

✗ Have you ever fallen off yout chair?

✓ Have you ever fallen off your chair?

"Your" (tu/tus), no "you"/"yout"

✗ I havent seen the Northern Lights.

✓ I haven't seen the Northern Lights.

"Haven't" lleva apóstrofe

Lista de Verbos

Con sus 4 tiempos y pronunciación

Cotidianos

Irregulares

Pronunciación

Español	Infinitivo	Simple Present (he/she)	Past	-ING
Levantarse	wake up/ UEIK AP /	wakes up/ UEIKS AP /	woke up/ UOUK AP /	waking up/ UEI-king AP /
Desayunar	have breakfast/ JAV BREK-fast /	has breakfast/ JAZ BREK-fast /	had breakfast/ JAD BREK-fast /	having breakfast/ JA-ving BREK-fast /
Almorzar	have lunch/ JAV LONCH /	has lunch/ JAZ LONCH /	had lunch/ JAD LONCH /	having lunch/ JA-ving LONCH /
Cenar	have dinner/ JAV DI-ner /	has dinner/ JAZ DI-ner /	had dinner/ JAD DI-ner /	having dinner/ JA-ving DI-ner /
Caminar	walk/ WOK /	walks/ WOKS /	walked/ WOK-t /	walking/ WO-king /
Correr	run/ RON /	runs/ RONS /	ran/ RAN /	running/ RAN-ing /
Comer	eat/ IT /	eats/ ITS /	ate/ EIT /	eating/ I-ting /
Beber	drink/ DRINK /	drinks/ DRINKS /	drank/ DRANK /	drinking/ DRINK-ing /
Jugar	play/ PLEI /	plays/ PLEIS /	played/ PLEI-d /	playing/ PLEI-ing /
Ver televisión	watch TV/ WOCH ti-VI /	watches TV/ WO-chis ti-VI /	watched TV/ WOCH-t ti-VI /	watching TV/ WO-ching ti-VI /
Leer	read/ RID /	reads/ RIDS /	read/ RED /	reading/ RI-ding /
Estudiar	study/ STA-di /	studies/ STA-dis /	studied/ STA-di-d /	studying/ STA-di-ing /
Hacer tarea	do homework/ DU JOUM-uerk /	does homework/ DAS JOUM-uerk /	did homework/ DID JOUM-uerk /	doing homework/ DU-ing JOUM-uerk /
Hablar	talk / speak/ TOK / SPIK /	talks / speaks/ TOKS / SPIKS /	talked / spoke/ TOK-t / SPOUK /	talking / speaking/ TO-king / SPI-king /
Hacer ejercicio	exercise/ EK-ser-saiz /	exercises/ EK-ser-sai-zis /	exercised/ EK-ser-saiz-d /	exercising/ EK-ser-sai-zing /
Ir al gimnasio	go to the gym/ GOU tu de YIM /	goes to the gym/ GOUS tu de YIM /	went to the gym/ UENT tu de YIM /	going to the gym/ GOU-ing tu de YIM /
Cantar	sing/ SING /	sings/ SINGS /	sang/ SANG /	singing/ SING-ing /
Bailar	dance/ DANS /	dances/ DAN-sis /	danced/ DANS-t /	dancing/ DANS-ing /
Cepillarse dientes	brush teeth/ BRUSH TIZ /	brushes teeth/ BRU-shis TIZ /	brushed teeth/ BRUSH-t TIZ /	brushing teeth/ BRUSH-ing TIZ /
Bañarse	take a shower/ TEIK a SHA-uer /	takes a shower/ TEIKS a SHA-uer /	took a shower/ TUK a SHA-uer /	taking a shower/ TEI-king a SHA-uer /
Peinarse	comb your hair/ KOUM yor JER /	combs your hair/ KOUMS yor JER /	combed your hair/ KOUM-d yor JER /	combing your hair/ KOU-ming yor JER /
Vestirse	get dressed/ GET DREST /	gets dressed/ GETS DREST /	got dressed/ GOT DREST /	getting dressed/ GE-ting DREST /
Pintar	paint/ PEINT /	paints/ PEINTS /	painted/ PEIN-tid /	painting/ PEIN-ting /
Hornear	bake/ BEIK /	bakes/ BEIKS /	baked/ BEIK-t /	baking/ BEI-king /
Sentarse	sit/ SIT /	sits/ SITS /	sat/ SAT /	sitting/ SI-ting /
Pagar	pay/ PEI /	pays/ PEIS /	paid/ PEID /	paying/ PEI-ing /
Volar	fly/ FLAI /	flies/ FLAIS /	flew/ FLU /	flying/ FLAI-ing /
Montar bicicleta	ride a bike/ RAID a BAIK /	rides a bike/ RAIDS a BAIK /	rode a bike/ ROUD a BAIK /	riding a bike/ RAI-ding a BAIK /
Escuchar música	listen to music/ LIS-en tu MIU-sik /	listens to music/ LIS-ens tu MIU-sik /	listened to music/ LIS-end tu MIU-sik /	listening to music/ LIS-en-ing tu MIU-sik /
Escribir código	write code/ RAIT KOUD /	writes code/ RAITS KOUD /	wrote code/ ROUT KOUD /	writing code/ RAI-ting KOUD /
Trabajar	work/ WERK /	works/ WERKS /	worked/ WERK-t /	working/ WER-king /
Ir	go/ GOU /	goes/ GOUS /	went/ UENT /	going/ GOU-ing /
Tomar una siesta	take a nap/ TEIK a NAP /	takes a nap/ TEIKS a NAP /	took a nap/ TUK a NAP /	taking a nap/ TEI-king a NAP /

Los verbos irregulares NO siguen la regla del ED. Hay que memorizarlos.

Infinitivo	Pasado	Pasado participio	Español	Ejemplo pasado
be/ BI /	was / were/ UAS / GUER /	been/ BIN /	ser/estar	She was nervous.
eat/ IT /	ate/ EIT /	eaten/ I-ten /	comer	I ate chicken last night.
go/ GOU /	went/ UENT /	gone/ GON /	ir	She went to the gym.
sing/ SING /	sang/ SANG /	sung/ SONG /	cantar	She sang at the concert.
drink/ DRINK /	drank/ DRANK /	drunk/ DRONK /	beber	He drank coffee this morning.
ride/ RAID /	rode/ ROUD /	ridden/ RI-den /	montar	Zog rode his red bike.
run/ RON /	ran/ RAN /	run/ RON /	correr	He ran in the park.
have/ JAV /	had/ JAD /	had/ JAD /	tener/haber	She had breakfast with her family.
take/ TEIK /	took/ TUK /	taken/ TEI-ken /	tomar	I took a shower at 7 AM.
make/ MEIK /	made/ MEID /	made/ MEID /	hacer	She made lunch yesterday.
wake up/ UEIK AP /	woke up/ UOUK AP /	woken up/ UO-ken AP /	despertarse	He woke up at 6 AM.
sleep/ SLIP /	slept/ SLEPT /	slept/ SLEPT /	dormir	They slept late last night.
write/ RAIT /	wrote/ ROUT /	written/ RI-ten /	escribir	I wrote code yesterday.
speak/ SPIK /	spoke/ SPOUK /	spoken/ SPOU-ken /	hablar	She spoke English at the meeting.
sit/ SIT /	sat/ SAT /	sat/ SAT /	sentarse	I sat in front of my computer.
pay/ PEI /	paid/ PEID /	paid/ PEID /	pagar	He paid his debts last month.
fly/ FLAI /	flew/ FLU /	flown/ FLOUN /	volar	The spaceship flew near the earth.
buy/ BAI /	bought/ BOT /	bought/ BOT /	comprar	She bought new clothes at the mall.
swim/ SUIM /	swam/ SUAM /	swum/ SUOM /	nadar	The anaconda swam in the river.
read/ RID /	read/ RED /	read/ RED /	leer	He read a book last night.

Verbo	Verbo -ING
walk/ WOK /	walking/ WO-king /
run/ RAN /	running/ RAN-ing /
eat/ IT /	eating/ I-ting /
drink/ DRINK /	drinking/ DRINK-ing /
sing/ SING /	singing/ SING-ing /
dance/ DANS /	dancing/ DANS-ing /
study/ STA-di /	studying/ STA-di-ing /
read/ RID /	reading/ RI-ding /
ride/ RAID /	riding/ RAI-ding /
watch/ WOCH /	watching/ WO-ching /
fly/ FLAI /	flying/ FLAI-ing /
sit/ SIT /	sitting/ SI-ting /
pay/ PEI /	paying/ PEI-ing /
listen/ LIS-en /	listening/ LIS-en-ing /
make/ MEIK /	making/ MEI-king /
work/ WERK /	working/ WER-king /
play/ PLEI /	playing/ PLEI-ing /
exercise/ EK-ser-saiz /	exercising/ EK-ser-sai-zing /
brush/ BRUSH /	brushing/ BRUSH-ing /
take/ TEIK /	taking/ TEI-king /

Vocabulario

Todo el vocabulario practicado en clase

Comida

Familia

Animales

Ropa

Frases útiles

Días

Números

Español	Inglés	Pronunciación
Pechuga empanizada	breaded chicken breast	BRE-ded CHI-ken BREST
Empanadas de queso	cheese empanadas	CHIZ em-pa-NA-das
Sopa de pollo	chicken soup	CHI-ken SUP
Pescado frito	fried fish	FRAID FISH
Lentejas	lentils	LEN-tilz
Golosinas	candy	KAN-di
Cerveza	beer	BIR
Refresco	soda	SO-da
Cereal	cereal	SIR-i-ol
Licuado	smoothie	SMU-di
Chicharrón	pork rinds	PORK RAINDS
Frutas y verduras	fruits and vegetables	FRUTS and VECH-ta-bolz

Español	Inglés	Pronunciación
Hermano	brother	BRO-der
Hermana	sister	SIS-ter
Hermanos (mixto)	siblings	SIB-lingz
Hijo	son	SON
Hija	daughter	DO-ter
Zurdo/a	left-handed	LEFT-han-ded
Miope	nearsighted	NIR-sai-ted
Alto/a	tall	TOL
Delgado/a	thin / slim	ZIN / SLIM
Gordito/a	chubby	CHAB-i
Divorciado/a	divorced	di-VORST
Casado/a	married	MER-id
Soltero/a	single	SIN-gol
Visitar a familiares	visit relatives	VI-sit RE-la-tivs

Animales marinos

Español	Inglés	Pronunciación
Tiburón	shark	SHARK
Ballena	whale	WEIL
Delfín	dolphin	DOL-fin
Pulpo	octopus	OK-to-pus
Tortuga de mar	sea turtle	SI TER-tol
Medusa	jellyfish	YEL-i-fish
Calamar	squid	SKWID

Animales de la jungla

Español	Inglés	Pronunciación
Jaguar	jaguar	YA-guar
Serpiente	snake	SNEIK
Mono	monkey	MON-ki
Loro	parrot	PER-ot
Cocodrilo	crocodile	KRO-ko-dail
Anaconda	anaconda	a-na-KON-da
Tarántula	tarantula	ta-RAN-chu-la

Español	Inglés	Pronunciación
Camisa	shirt	SHERT
Camiseta	t-shirt	TI-shert
Pantalón	pants	PANTS
Zapatos	shoes	SHUZ
Calcetines	socks	SOKS
Falda	skirt	SKERT
Azul marino	navy blue	NEI-vi BLU
Rayas	stripes	STRAIPS
Centro comercial	mall	MOL

How do you say ___ in English?

¿Cómo se dice ___ en inglés?

JAU du yu SEI ___ in ING-glish?

What does that mean?

¿Qué significa eso?

wot DOZ dat MIN?

Sorry, I meant...

Perdón, quise decir...

SO-ri, ai MENT...

It was nice talking to you!

Fue un placer hablar contigo

So far so good!

Hasta ahora todo bien

so FAR so GUD

I am sitting in front of my computer.

Estoy sentado frente a mi computadora

ai am SI-ting in FRONT ov mai com-PIU-ter

I am learning new words and making mistakes.

Estoy aprendiendo nuevas palabras y cometiendo errores

I can do it!

¡Puedo hacerlo!

ai KAN du IT

She shakes it up!

¡Ella lo agita / lo revoluciona!

Un mismo verbo en varios tiempos

I listen to music every day. I listened to the class yesterday. I am listening to the coach right now. I will listen to my mother tonight. I am going to listen to the concert tomorrow.

Escucho música todos los días. Escuché la clase ayer. Estoy escuchando al coach ahora mismo. Escucharé a mi madre esta noche. Voy a escuchar el concierto mañana.

Días de la semana

Español	Inglés	Pronunciación
Lunes	Monday	MAN-dei
Martes	Tuesday	TIUS-dei
Miércoles	Wednesday	UENS-dei
Jueves	Thursday	ZERS-dei
Viernes	Friday	FRAI-dei
Sábado	Saturday	SA-ter-dei
Domingo	Sunday	SAN-dei

Con días se usa on: on Monday (el lunes) · on Mondays (los lunes)
⚠️ En inglés los días SIEMPRE van con mayúscula.

I study English on Mondays.

Estudio inglés los lunes

I visit my friends on weekends.

Visito a mis amigos los fines de semana

She doesn't work on Sunday.

Ella no trabaja el domingo

Números ordinales (para fechas)

Número	Inglés	Pronunciación
1st	first	FERST
2nd	second	SE-kond
3rd	third	ZERD
4th	fourth	FORZ
5th	fifth	FIFZ
10th	tenth	TENZ
15th	fifteenth	fif-TINZ
16th	sixteenth	siks-TINZ
19th	nineteenth	nain-TINZ
20th	twentieth	TWEN-ti-ez
30th	thirtieth	ZER-ti-ez
31st	thirty-first	ZER-ti FERST

Cómo decir los años

Un año como 2010 se puede decir de dos formas:
twenty ten (TUEN-ti TEN) — la más común
two thousand ten (tu TAO-zend TEN) — más formal

Meses del año

Español	Inglés	Pronunciación
Enero	January	YAN-yu-e-ri
Febrero	February	FEB-ru-e-ri
Marzo	March	MARCH
Abril	April	EI-pril
Mayo	May	MEI
Junio	June	YUN
Julio	July	yu-LAI
Agosto	August	O-gost
Septiembre	September	sep-TEM-ber
Octubre	October	ok-TO-ber
Noviembre	November	no-VEM-ber
Diciembre	December	de-SEM-ber

Preposiciones de lugar

In, on, under, over, inside, below — dónde está algo

IN → dentro de un espacio cerrado
ON → sobre una superficie, tocándola
UNDER → debajo de algo específico, sin tocarlo
OVER → encima de algo, sin tocarlo (ej. un avión sobrevolando)
INSIDE → dentro de (sinónimo de IN, más enfático)
BELOW → en un nivel inferior (más general que UNDER)

Vocabulario

Inglés	Español	Pronunciación
in	dentro de / en	IN
on	sobre / encima (tocando)	ON
under	debajo de (sin tocar)	AN-der
over	encima de (sin tocar, ej. volando)	O-ver
inside	dentro de	in-SAID
below	debajo (nivel inferior)	bi-LOU
where	dónde	UER

Estructura

Where is + sujeto? → Sujeto + is + preposición + lugar.

Ejemplos

Where is the book?

✅ The book is inside the backpack.

Where is the cellphone?

✅ The cellphone is under the sofa.

Where is the parrot?

✅ The parrot is in the closet.

Where is the dog?

✅ The dog is in the box.

Where is the apple?

✅ The apple is on the plate.

Errores comunes

✗ The book inside the backpack.

✓ The book is inside the backpack.

Falta el verbo "is" — toda oración necesita un verbo

✗ The parrot in the closet.

✓ The parrot is in the closet.

Falta el verbo "is"

✗ Whee is the apple?

✓ Where is the apple?

"Where" (dónde), no "whee"

Más preposiciones de lugar

Inglés	Español	Pronunciación
next to	al lado de	NEKST tu
behind	detrás de	bi-JAIND
between	entre	bi-TUIN
near	cerca (de)	NIR

The dog is next to the pot.

El perro está al lado de la olla

The cat is behind the TV.

El gato está detrás de la televisión

The cat is between the box and the ball.

El gato está entre la caja y la pelota

Medios de transporte

Cómo te movés de un lugar a otro — by + transporte / on foot

BY + medio de transporte → by bus, by car, by taxi, by motorcycle
Excepción: a pie es on foot (NO "by foot")

Vocabulario

Inglés	Español	Pronunciación
by bus	en autobús	bai BAS
by car	en carro	bai CAR
by taxi	en taxi	bai TAK-si
by motorcycle	en motocicleta	bai MO-ter-sai-kol
on foot	a pie / caminando	on FUT

Estructura

How do you go to + lugar? → I go + by bus / on foot.

Ejemplos

How do you go to work?

✅ I go to work by bus. / I go to work by car.

How does she go to the gym?

✅ She goes to the gym on foot.

How do they go to school?

✅ They go to school by taxi.

Errores comunes

✗ I go to work by foot.

✓ I go to work on foot.

A pie es "on foot", nunca "by foot"

✗ She goes by the bus.

✓ She goes by bus.

No se usa artículo: by bus, no "by the bus"

Mi Presentación

Todo lo que puedes decir para presentarte

Saludos

Hi! I'm doing well, thank you! And you?

JAI! aim DU-ing WEL, ZANK yu! and YU?

I've been good, thanks! And you?

aiv bin GUD, ZANKS! and YU?

I'm fine, but it's hot! / So far so good!

Presentación personal

I'm from Mexico, specifically from a city called Minatitlán in the state of Veracruz.

aim from MEK-si-ko... in de STEI-dov Ve-ra-CRUZ

Mexico is located in North America, just south of the United States.

I'm a systems engineer specialized in backend development.

aim a SIS-temz EN-yi-nir SPE-sha-laizd in BAK-end de-VEL-op-ment

I'm left-handed. My birthday is on March 2nd.

Gustos y ciudad

I enjoy walking around the city. There's a place called Los 3 Yucas that I really like.

My favorite city is Mexico City because of its technology communities. There are many, but I'm interested in the Java one.

It's a quiet place. The weather is hot.

Comida favorita

My favorite food is breaded chicken breast, it's delicious! I also love cheese empanadas.

Familia

I have 2 siblings, a sister and a brother. My sister is 42 years old and she is an electronics engineer. My brother is thirty-nine years old and he works on the ranch on weekends.

Plantilla: presentar a alguien

This is my ___ (sister / brother / friend)
Her / His name is ___
She / He is ___ years old
She / He is a/an ___ (profesión)
She / He is ___ (características físicas: tall, slim...)
Her / His favorite food is ___
Her / His birthday is on ___ (mes + número ordinal)

This is my sister. Her name is Ana.

She is 42 years old and she is an electronics engineer.

She is tall and slim.

Her favorite food is fried fish. Her birthday is on March 2nd.

Rutina diaria

Every day I wake up at 6 AM.

Also, I have breakfast and rinse my mouth.

After that, I sit in front of my computer and write code.

In addition, I fix bugs in my backend projects.

Later, I enjoy walking around the city.

Finally, I watch anime on my computer and brush my teeth before going to bed.